The grand design by stephen hawking5/26/2023 Rather, inflation caused the "bang" in the Big Bang. It need not be true that inflation happened shortly after the Big Bang. However, there is one common misconception about the inflation theory. It also explains the flatness problem (why the universe is flat): when a curved surface expands exponentially, it would appear flat. It explains why the universe is homogeneous in all directions. This idea is an appealing one since it solves a lot of problems in cosmology. Alan Guth proposed that the universe went through a period of sudden, rapid expansion during the early phase (inflation). Einstein’s cosmological constant, which he agreed to be the "biggest blunder" in his life and which he added to his theory to "keep the universe static," actually exhibits the properties that are required here. A form of matter that would exhibit repulsive gravitational property is needed to accelerate the universe. Matter has attractive gravitational properties and should, thus, slow down the expansion. Recent measurements of the red-shifts of certain supernovas have revealed that the universe has been accelerating for the last 5-6 billion years.
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